Nws yog hais txog cov khoom noj khoom haus uas muab cov khoom qab zib rau cov khoom noj. Raws li qhov chaw, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua:
(1) Ntuj sweeteners muab faib ua qab zib cawv thiab hom tsis qab zib. ntawm cov
① Qab Zib cawv muaj xws li xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, lactitol, maltitol, isomaltitol, thiab erythritol;
② Tsis muaj suab thaj suav nrog stevioside, cawv, kiwifruit, siraitin thiab somartan.
(2) Artificially synthesized sweeteners muaj xws li sulfonamides xws li saccharin, sodium cyclamate, thiab potassium acetylsulfonamide.
① Dipeptides suav nrog: aspartyl phenylpropanoate methyl ester (tseem hu ua aspartame), 1-aaspartyl-N - (2,2,4,4- tetramethyl-3-sulfide trimethylene) - D-alanamide (tseem hu ua aspartame).
② Cov derivatives ntawm sucrose muaj xws li sucralose, isomaltulose (tseem hu ua palaginose), thiab cov suab thaj tshiab (fructooligosaccharides).
Lwm yam additives
Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li lawv cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov khoom qab zib, xws li sucrose, qabzib, fructose, thiab lwm yam, uas kuj yog cov khoom qab zib ntuj. Vim tias cov suab thaj no tsis yog tsuas yog muab cov khoom qab zib xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ua cov khoom noj tseem ceeb uas muab lub zog rau tib neeg lub cev, lawv feem ntau suav hais tias yog cov khoom xyaw zaub mov thiab tsis raug tswj raws li cov khoom noj ntxiv.
1. Saccharin
Lub npe tshawb fawb yog ortho sulfonyl benzoyl, uas yog siv dav siv cov khoom qab zib hauv ntau lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb. Nws yog pheej yig thiab muaj qhov qab zib siab, sib npaug li 300-500 npaug ntawm sucrose. Vim tias qhov tsis muaj kuab lom ntawm saccharin hauv dej, Suav cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntxiv tau qhia txog kev siv nws cov ntsev ntsev (saccharin sodium), uas nthuav tawm qhov iab saj thaum noj ntau ntau.
Nws feem ntau ntseeg tias sodium saccharin tsis tawg lossis siv hauv lub cev, thiab feem ntau ntawm nws raug tso tawm los ntawm cov zis yam tsis ua rau lub raum ua haujlwm. Tsis txhob hloov cov kev ua ntawm lub enzyme system nyob rau hauv lub cev. Saccharin tau siv dav thoob ntiaj teb rau ntau xyoo lawm thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom rau tib neeg lub cev tau pom.
2. Sodium cyclohexylamine sulfonate (saccharin)
Xyoo 1958, nws tau teev tseg tias yog "feem ntau suav tias yog cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb" hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab siv dav. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo 1970, nws tau tshaj tawm tias cov khoom muaj cov teebmeem carcinogenic rau cov tsiaj, thiab xyoo 1982, FAO / WHO tsab ntawv ceeb toom tau ua pov thawj tias nws tsis yog carcinogenic.
US FDA tshaj tawm xyoo 1984 tias nws tsis muaj carcinogenicity nyob rau hauv kev sim ntev -. Tab sis National Research Council thiab National Academy of Sciences tseem ntseeg tias nws muaj cov kab mob carcinogenic thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob carcinogenic. Yog li ntawd, nws tseem yog ib yam khoom txwv tsis pub siv rau hauv cov zaub mov hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
3. Aspartate phenylalanine methyl ester
Feem ntau hu ua AsPartame, tseem hu ua sweetener, proteoglycan, aspartame, aspartame extract, thiab aspartame, nws yog dipeptide derivative uas tau tawg ua cov amino acids sib xws hauv lub cev tom qab noj. Qhov zoo ntawm aspartame yog nws qhov qab zib heev, txog 200 npaug ntawm sucrose. Siv ib qho me me tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg xav tias qab zib, ntau heev kom lawv cov ntsiab lus calorie tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Vim nws cov qab zib siab thiab cov ntsiab lus calorie tsawg, nws tsuas yog ntxiv rau cov dej haus, cov mis nyuj, cov tshuaj vitamin, lossis zom cov pos hniav los hloov cov suab thaj.
Ntau tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem hloov aspartame rau qab zib. Tab sis vim qhov kub thiab txias, nws yuav decompose thiab poob nws cov qab zib, yog li nws tsis haum rau kev ua noj thiab haus dej kub. Txij li thaum nws tshawb pom, kev nyab xeeb ntawm aspartame tau muaj teeb meem me ntsis, nrog ib feem tseem ceeb los ntawm nws cov khoom decomposition - phenylalanine.
Xyoo 1965, Aspartame tau raug tshawb pom los ntawm lub tuam txhab tshuaj hauv Tebchaws Meskas thaum tsim tshuaj. Xyoo 1981, nws tau pom zoo los ntawm US FDA rau kev siv cov khoom noj qhuav, thiab hauv xyoo 1983, nws tau pom zoo siv nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj 100 lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam thoob ntiaj teb tom qab tau tso cai los tsim cov dej qab zib. Tuam Tshoj kuj tau tso cai siv aspartame hauv cov zaub mov hauv xyoo 1986, qhia tias nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv lwm cov khoom noj ntxiv rau cov zaub mov hauv kaus poom, thiab nws qhov ntau npaum li cas yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv kev sib tw raws li kev xav tau ntau lawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov dipeptide derivatives uas muaj aspartic acid kuj tau pom, xws li alite, uas belongs rau amino acid sweeteners thiab yog synthesized los ntawm ntuj raw cov ntaub ntawv nrog siab qab zib.